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Rajani, M. B.
- On the Symmetry of the Central Dome of the Taj Mahal
Abstract Views :299 |
PDF Views:85
Authors
Affiliations
1 National Institute of Advanced Studies, IISc Campus, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
1 National Institute of Advanced Studies, IISc Campus, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 110, No 6 (2016), Pagination: 996-999Abstract
The Taj Mahal attracts millions of visitors annually. It is renowned for its perfection, symmetry and attention to detail; its beauty and magnificence appeal to almost all viewers. It does, however, possess some slight imperfections that escape most observers. Revisiting both, the appreciations and criticisms, this study analyses possible flaws in the symmetry of the external central dome and discusses the reasons for the flaws.Keywords
Mughal Monuments, Symmetry in Architecture, Taj Mahal.References
- Brown, P., Indian Architecture (Islamic period), D B Taraporevala Sons & Co. Bombay, 1942.
- Koch, E., Taj Mahal: architecture, symbolism and urban significance. In Muqarnas, 2005, vol. 22, 128-149.
- Keyserling Count, H., The Travel Diary of a Philosopher, Vol. 1, L. Holroyd Reece (Trans.) Harcourt, Brace & Company, New York, 1925.
- Huxley, A., 1894-1963, Jesting Pilate: An Intellectual Holiday, George H. Doran Company, New York, 1926.
- Chattopadya, S., Shesh Prashna, a novel, Dey’s Publishers, September 2008 (first published May 1931).
- Begley, W. E., The myth of the Taj Mahal and a new theory of its symbolic meaning, Art Bull., 1979, 61, 7-37.
- http://www.tajmahal.gov.in/exterior_decoration.html
- Meneely, J. D., Smith, B. J., Curran, J. and Ruffell, A., Developing a ‘non-destructive scientific toolkit’ to monitor monuments and sites, Changing World, Changing Views of Heritage ICOMOS Scientific Symposium - Malta, 2009.
- Sharma, R. K., Grover, A. C. and Gupta, H. O., Investigation of cracks developed in the veneering marble slabs of the Taj Mahal. In Conservation, Preservation and Restoration: Traditions, Trends and Techniques (eds Kamlakar, G. and Rao V. Pandit), Birla Archaeological and Cultural Research Institute, Hyderabad, 1995, vols 229-236.
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- Saksena, B. P., History of Shahjahan of Dihli, Allahabad, Central Book Depot, Allahabad, 1958, pp. 261-263; quoted in Begley, 1979, p. 30.
- Locating Iron Production Sites in Telangana, India Using Satellite Imagery
Abstract Views :242 |
PDF Views:75
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of History, School of Humanities and Social Science, Block E, Lower Ground Floor, Shiv Nadar University, NH91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201 314, IN
2 National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
3 Bangalore University, Ramachandra Road, Ambdekar Veedhi, Sampangi Rama Nagar, Bengaluru 560 009, IN
1 Department of History, School of Humanities and Social Science, Block E, Lower Ground Floor, Shiv Nadar University, NH91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201 314, IN
2 National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
3 Bangalore University, Ramachandra Road, Ambdekar Veedhi, Sampangi Rama Nagar, Bengaluru 560 009, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 111, No 9 (2016), Pagination: 1536-1543Abstract
The use of satellite imagery is explored in mapping the distribution of archaeometallurgical sites for iron and steel production and as a tool for potential reconnaissance in northern districts of Telangana. Travellers' accounts from at least the seventeenth century suggest that this was an area where pre-industrial iron and steel production flourished, which is also testified by the vast amount of archaeometallurgical debris in the region. The geographical distribution of ferrous metal production sites within this landscape has been documented by integrating data from surface surveys on over 100 archaeometallurgical sites with satellite imagery. Despite the constraints that the surface sites could not be dated by archaeological excavation, this pilot study explores how satellite imagery and related experimental procedures may be used to complement surface archaeometallurgical surveys and reconnaissance efforts.Keywords
GPS Survey, Iron, Satellite Imagery, Telangana, Wootz Steel.References
- Lowe, T. L., Refractories in high carbon iron processing: a preliminary study of Deccani wootz making crucibles. In Ceramics and Civilization (ed. Kinger, W. D.), The American Ceramic Society, Pittsburgh, 1990, pp. 237–250.
- Jaikishan, S., Iron and wootz steel industry in northern Telangana. Telangana Jagruthi, Hyderabad, 2009.
- Juleff, G., Srinivasan, S. and Ranganathan, S., Pioneering Metallurgy: Telangana Field Survey Interim Report 2011, National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), Bengaluru, 2011.
- Bronson, B., The making and selling of wootz-a crucible steel of India. Archaeomaterials, 1986, 1, 13–51.
- Srinivasan, S., On higher carbon and crucible steels in southern India: further insights from Mel-siruvalur, megalithic Kodumanal and early historic Pattinam. Indian J. Hist. Sci.., 2007, 42(4), 673–695.
- Srinivasan, S. and Ranganathan, S., India’s Legendary Wootz Steel: An Advanced Material of the Ancient World, NIAS, Bengaluru, 2004.
- Srinivasan, S., Indian iron and steel, with special reference to southern India. In World of Iron (eds Humphris, J. and Rehren, T. H.), London, Archetype Press, 2013, pp. 83–90.
- Singh, S. D., Iron in ancient India. J. Econ. Soc. Hist. Orient, 1962, 212–216.
- Ray, A. and Chakrabarti, D. K., Studies in Ancient Indian technology and production. J. Econ. Soc. Hist. Orient, 1975, 18(2), 219–232.
- Agarwal, D. P. and Kharakwal, J. S., Bronze and Iron Ages in South Asia, Aryan Books International, New Delhi, 2003.
- Tripathi, V., The Age of Iron in South Asia: Legacy and Tradition, Aryan Books International, New Delhi, 2001.
- Chakrabarti, D. K., The beginning of Iron in India. In A Source Book of Indian Archaeology Vol 2 (eds Allchin, F. R. and Chakrabarti, D. K.), Minishram Manoharlal, New Delhi, 1997, pp. 378–391.
- Krishna Sastry, V. V., Megalithic cultures: the iron age. In Pre and Protohistoric Andhra Pradesh up to 500 BC (ed Murty, M. L. K.), Orient Longman, New Delhi, 2003, p. 107.
- Subrahmanyam, B. R., Iron age in Andhra Pradesh, archaeology of Andhra Pradesh. In Archaeology of Andhra Pradesh (ed. Krishna Sastry, V. V.), Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, 1987.
- Biswas, A. K., Minerals and Metals in Premodern India, D. K. Printworld, New Delhi, 2002.
- Srinivasan, S., Sinopoli, C., Morrison, K., Gopal, R. and Ranganathan, S., South Indian Iron Age iron and high carbon steel: with reference to Kadebakele and comparative insights from Melsiruvalur, Metallurgy and Civilisation: Eurasia and Beyond. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on the Beginning of the use of Metals and Alloys (BUMA VI), Archetype Books, London, 2009, pp. 116–122.
- Sasisekaran, B., Metallurgy and metal industry in ancient Tamilnadu – an archaeological study. Indian J. Hist. Sci., 2002, 37(1), 17–29.
- Parrington, M., Remote sensing. Annu. Rev. Anthropol., 1983, 12, 105–124.
- Pappu, S., Kumar, A., Ravindranath, S. and Raju, U., Applications of satellite remote sensing for research and heritage management in Indian prehistory. J. Archaeol. Sci., 2010, 37, 2316–2331.
- Rajani, M. B., Patra, S. K. and Mamta, V., Space observation for generating 3D perspective views and its implication to the study of the archaeological site of Badami in India. J. Cult. Heritage, 2009, 10(1), 20–26.
- Singh, V. and Singh, U. C., Mapping archaeological monuments. Indian J. Sci. Technol., 2014, 1, 27–28.
- Rajani, M. B. and Kasturirangan, K., Satellite image and India’s past. In Proceedings of a Workshop organized under the aegis of International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Mangalore, 2011.
- Custer, J. F., Eveleigh, T., Klemas, V. and Wells, I., Application of LANDSAT data and synoptic remote sensing to predictive models for prehistoric archaeological sites: an example from the Delaware coastal plain. Am. Antiq., 1986, 51, 572–588.
- Oltean, I. A., Rajani, M. B. and Nalini, N. S., Archaeometallurgy in the Telangana region: a GIS approach in pioneering metallurgy: the origins of iron and steel making in the southern Indian subcontinent. In Pioneering Metallurgy: Telangana Field Survey Interim Report (eds Juleff, G., Srinivasan, S. and Ranganathan, S.), NIAS, Bengaluru, 2011, pp. 20–21.
- Kantner, J., The archaeology of regions: from discrete analytical toolkit to ubiquitous spatial perspective. J. Archaeol. Res., 2008, 16(1), 37–81.
- Greene, K. and Moore, T., Archaeology: An Introduction, Routledge, London, 2002, 5th edn.
- Juleff, G. and Gilmour, B., Telangana field survey: aims, methods and outcomes. In Pioneering Metallurgy: Telangana Field Survey Interim Report (eds Juleff, G., Srinivasan, S. and Ranganathan, S.), NIAS, Bengaluru, 2011, pp. 7–11.
- The Science behind Archaeological Signatures from Space
Abstract Views :248 |
PDF Views:95
Authors
Affiliations
1 Indian Space Research Organization Headquarters, Bengaluru 560 231, IN
2 National Institute of Advanced Studies, IISc Campus, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
1 Indian Space Research Organization Headquarters, Bengaluru 560 231, IN
2 National Institute of Advanced Studies, IISc Campus, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 113, No 10 (2017), Pagination: 1859-1872Abstract
Archaeology has traditionally focused on studying historic or prehistoric people and their cultures by analysis of their artefacts, inscriptions, monuments and other such material remains, especially those that have been documented from excavations. This focus is somewhat narrow, because it excludes many new methods that have emerged in the last few decades (described in detail by Prabhakar and Korisettar in this special section (page 1873)). One such novel method is to study large imprints on the landscape caused by human activity. These tell-tale features include soil marks, crop marks, drainage patterns, field boundaries and a host of man-made structures, whose study can provide additional cultural insights. In some cases, these features are difficult to detect by the naked eye at ground level, but are detectable by remote sensing techniques from aerial/space-based platforms in a non-destructive manner. For these reasons, it is now well recognized that examining archaeological landscapes using remote sensing can complement traditional investigations. An analysis of remote sensing data can play an important role in (1) understanding spatial relationships between cultural materials and activities, (2) formulating archaeological sampling schemes, (3) measuring distances and spatial distributions of structures and monuments, and (4) evolving schemes for their conservation.Keywords
Archaeology, Image Interpretation, Remote Sensing, Signatures.References
- Parcak, S., Satellite Remote Sensing for Archaeology. Routledge, 31 March 2009, 1st edn.
- Wiseman, J. and El-Baz, F. (eds), Remote Sensing in Archaeology, Springer, New York, USA, 2007.
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- Gupta, E., Das, S. and Rajani, M. B., Archaeological exploration in Srirangapatna and its environ through remote sensing analysis. J. Indian Soc. Remote Sensing, 2016; doi:10.1007/s12524-017-0659-9.
- Rajani, M. B. and Settar, S., Application of multispectral remote sensing imagery in detection of ancient forts in South India. In Space, Time, Place Third International Conference on Remote Sensing in Archaeology (eds Campana, S., Forte, M. and Liuzza, C.), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India, 17–21 August 2009, pp. 123–127, BAR–S2118,2010; ISBN 978 1 4073 0659 9.
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- Holcomb, D. W. and Shingiray, I. L., Imaging radar in archaeological investigations: an image-processing perspective. Remote Sensing in Archaeology, Springer, New York, USA, 2007, pp. 11–45.
- Rajani, M. B., Bhattacharya, S. and Rajawat, A. S., Synergistic application of optical and radar data for archaeological exploration in the Talakadu Region, Karnataka. J. Indian Soc. of Remote Sensing, 2011, pp. 519–527; doi:10.1007/s 12524-011-0102-6.
- Kvammem, K. L., Integrating multiple geo-spatial datasets. Remote Sensing in Archaeology, Springer, New York, USA, 2007, pp. 329–374.
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- Rajani, M. B. and Rajawat, A. S., Potential of satellite based sensors for studying distribution of archaeological sites along paleo channels: Harappan sites a case study. J. Archaeol. Sci., 2011, 38, 2010–2016.
- Thakker, P. S., Locating potential archaeological sites in Gujarat using satellite data. NNRMS Bulletin, No. B-26, June 2001, p. 27.
- Rajani, M. B. and Kasturirengan, K., Sea-level changes and its impact on coastal archaeological monuments: seven pagodas of Mahabalipuram, a case study. J. Indian Soc. Remote Sensing, 2012, doi:10.1007/s12524-012-0210-y.
- Thakker, P. S., Locating potential archaeological sites in Gujarat using satellite data. NNRMS Bulletin, No. 26, Department of Space, Government of India, Bangalore, 2001.
- Rajani, M. B., Bangalore from above and archaeological overview. Curr. Sci., 2007, 93(10), 1352–1353.
- Rajani, M. B. and Kasturirangan, K., Multispectral remote sensing data analysis and application for detecting moats around medieval settlements in South India. J. Indian Society of Remote Sensing, doi:10.1007/s12524-013-0346-4.
- Mohanty, R. K. and Smith, M. L., Excavations at Sisupalgarh, 2008. Man Environment, 2009, XXXIV(1), 47–56.
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- Rai, S. S., Application of integrated digital technologies in the study of settlement archaeology of Kausambi Region. In Space, Time, Place: Third International Conference on Remote Sensing in Archaeology (eds Campana, S., Forte, M. and Liuzza, C.), BAR International Series 2118, 2010, pp. 325–332.
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- Rajani, M. B., Rajawat, A. S., Krishna Murthy, M. S., Kamini, J. and Rao, S., Demonstration of the synergy between multi-sensor satellite data, GIS and ground truth to explore the archaeological site in Talakadu region in South India. J. Geomatics, 2012, 6(1), 37–41.
- Iyer, M., Nagendra, H. and Rajani, M. B., Using satellite imagery and historical maps to investigate the original contours of Lalbagh Botanical Garden. Curr. Sci., 2012, 102(3), 507–509.
- Rajani, M. B., The expanse of archaeological remains at Nalanda: a study using remote sensing and GIS. Arch. Asian Art, 2016, 66(1), 1–23.
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- Applications of Geospatial Technology in the Management of Cultural Heritage Sites – Potentials and Challenges for the Indian Region
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PDF Views:112
Authors
Affiliations
1 School of Humanities, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
1 School of Humanities, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 113, No 10 (2017), Pagination: 1948-1960Abstract
Cultural heritage management can be defined as all the processes in understanding (through knowing and identifying), conserving and managing various expressions of cultural heritage. These expressions could be intangible like traditional skills, crafts, folklore, rituals, etc. or tangible like objects or places. Objects including artefacts, murals and sculptures are defined as movable cultural property, while structures, monuments, precincts, water bodies and canals are called sites and also termed as immovable cultural property. Emerging technologies and scientific developments are increasingly being used in the management of these different expressions of cultural heritage. For example, heritage object databases that link source, provenance and current location are proving useful in museum contexts, predictive technologies are being used to fill in partially missing sections of murals/ inscriptions or aid virtual reconstruction of object remains or even something as basic as mapping indigenous processional routes. However, the expression of cultural heritage as immovable cultural property or heritage sites appears to render itself most to analysis through various techniques available under the large umbrella of geospatial technology. This is because of the nature of such heritage – structures are necessarily built in particular geographical and cultural settings, presumably based on appropriate site selection in order to suitably locate them and their components, and the initially planned layout and subsequent additions would have a spatial spread – these factors combined with the locational permanence of the structures relative to movable property make built heritage well-disposed for geospatial analysis. This review article therefore explores the use and applicability of geospatial technology for the management of built cultural heritage, including its context and environment.Keywords
Cultural Heritage Management, Geospatial Technology, Heritage Practice, Potentials and Challenges.References
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- Rajani, M. B., Bhattacharya, S. and Rajawat, A. S., Synergistic application of optical and radar data for archaeological exploration in the Talakadu region, Karnataka. J. Indian Soc. Remote Sensing, 2011, 39(4), 519–527.
- Rajani, M. B., Patra, S. K. and Mamta, V., Space observation for generating 3D perspective views and its implication to the study of the archaeological site of Badami in India. J. Cult. Heritage, 2009, 10(Suppl. 1), e20–e26.
- Rajani, M. B. and Kasturirangan, K., Sea-level changes and its impact on coastal archaeological monuments: seven Pagodas of Mahabalipuram. J. Indian Soc. Remote Sensing, 2012, 41(2), 461–468.
- Nalini, N. S. and Rajani, M. B., Stone fortress of Chitledroog: visualizing old landscape of Chitradurga by integrating spatial information from multiple sources. Curr. Sci., 2012, 103(4), 381–387.
- Rajani, M. B., The expanse of archaeological remains at Nalanda: a study using remote sensing and GIS. Arch. Asian Art, 2016, 66, 1.
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- Iyer, M., Nagendra, H. and Rajani, M. B., Using satellite imagery and historical maps to investigate the original contours of Lalbagh Botanical Garden. Curr. Sci., 2012, 102(3), 507–509.
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- The Need for a National Archaeological Database
Abstract Views :285 |
PDF Views:119
Authors
Affiliations
1 National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
2 PES University, 100 Feet Ring Road, Banashankari Stage III, Bengaluru 560 085, IN
1 National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
2 PES University, 100 Feet Ring Road, Banashankari Stage III, Bengaluru 560 085, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 113, No 10 (2017), Pagination: 1961-1973Abstract
India’s economic development is evident in its industrial growth, extensive transportation network, and rapidly expanding cities, towns and villages. While this growth has numerous positive aspects, it also has the potential to cause irrevocable damage (directly or indirectly) to rich archaeological heritage of the country. The present study makes three contributions. First, it examines several archaeological sites where economic developmental activities have caused significant damage. Second, it demonstrates how the risk of further damage can be minimized using geospatial solutions to protect and manage such sites. Third, it conceptualizes a framework for incorporating spatial and non-spatial knowledge of archaeological sites into a National Archaeological Database. We propose that this national archive should be made publicly accessible under the Digital India programme, where it can assist decision makers (development authorities, state departments, etc.) and help citizens plan for future economic growth while preserving the fragile remnants of our past.Keywords
Archaeological Database, Economic Development, Geospatial Solutions, Protection of Heritage Sites.References
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Abstract Views :313 |
PDF Views:69
Authors
Affiliations
1 School of Humanities, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
2 Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, IN
1 School of Humanities, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
2 Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 10 (2019), Pagination: 1573-1573Abstract
Applications of Geospatial Technology in the Management of Cultural Heritage Sites–Potentials and Challenges for the Indian Region
Curr. Sci., 2017, 113(10), 1948–1960
- Exploring the forest and mapping its archaeology: Bandhavgarh National Park and Tiger Reserve, India
Abstract Views :151 |
PDF Views:91
Authors
Affiliations
1 The Centre for Interdisciplinary Archaeological Research, Ashoka University, Sonepat 131 029, India
2 School of Humanities, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 560 012, India
3 Department of History, Ashoka University, Sonepat 131 029, India
1 The Centre for Interdisciplinary Archaeological Research, Ashoka University, Sonepat 131 029, India
2 School of Humanities, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 560 012, India
3 Department of History, Ashoka University, Sonepat 131 029, India
Source
Current Science, Vol 123, No 6 (2022), Pagination: 772-780Abstract
The archaeology of historical India has usually been perceived through the lens of cities and states, leaving forest tracts to a large extent unexamined. This article considers the historical signature in a segment of the Bandhavgarh National Park and Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India, in order to understand how histories of occupation in jungles and wilderness where no settle-ments presently exist can be studied. Our survey invol-ved a combination of ground-level investigations using GPS devices along with an analysis of satellite images to explore whether such images can be used for locating structures and sites. The earliest archaeological markers in Bandhavgarh are cave shelters of the 2nd century CE, which form the subject of this article.Keywords
Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve, caves, forests, Indian archaeology, satellite imagery.References
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